← All Articles

Theory

16 articles

The theatrical release poster for Kleber Mendonça Filho's The Secret Agent

Why The Secret Agent is the Most Important Brazilian Film Right Now

Two Brazilian historians explore Kleber Mendonça Filho's The Secret Agent and Brazil's unfinished reckoning with its military dictatorship.

What Hamnet Gets Right (And Historians Got Wrong)

What Hamnet Gets Right (And Historians Got Wrong)

Did parents in the past love their children? Explore the historical debate on parental love and grief that Hamnet brings to life so powerfully.

The Midwife’s Ghost: A Murder Ballad from 1680

The Midwife’s Ghost: A Murder Ballad from 1680

Discover the haunting 1680 ballad of a murdered midwife's ghost—sensationalized news set to music, recorded by Samuel Pepys himself.

Before TikTok: History's ORIGINAL Influencers

Before TikTok: History's ORIGINAL Influencers

From Versailles courtiers to Black dandies and salonnières—discover how history's original influencers shaped culture through self-fashioning.

Communal bathing scene from a 16th-century German woodcut, illustrating the social aspect of Renaissance spa culture. (Image credit: Wellcome Collection)

How Water Cures Revolutionised Medicine in the 16th Century

Discover Renaissance spa culture—from fertility baths in Naples to Leonardo Fioravanti's water cures that challenged traditional medicine.

Another illustration of Santorio’s weighing machine, used in early digestion experiments.

17th Century "Intuitive Eating": Paracelsus and Digestion

Discover how Paracelsian medicine revolutionized 17th-century diet advice, empowering people to trust their bodies over doctors' rules.

The Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum (1480) (Wikimedia Commons)

What were the "Non-Naturals"?

Learn about the six non-naturals—air, food, sleep, exercise, evacuation, and emotions—that shaped preventive medicine for centuries.

Portrait of a Girl (Anonymous, 1600-1620). Wikimedia Commons.

Green Sickness: A Historical Look at the 'Disease of Virgins'

Explore the mysterious disease of virgins that shaped medical control over young women from the 1550s to 1920s through marriage and motherhood.

Detail of Botticelli's Venus

Golden Locks: Hair Care in the Renaissance Era

Discover Renaissance hair care—from dove droppings for hair loss to sun-bleaching on Venetian rooftops for that coveted golden blonde.

Portrait of Paracelsus by Quinten Massys (National Trust)

Paracelsus: The Renaissance Physician Who Set Fire to Medical Tradition

He publicly burned Galen, dosed patients with mercury, and got exiled from Basel. The life and legacy of early modern medicine's most controversial figure.

Still Life with Fruit, Nuts and Cheese (1613) by Floris van Dyck (Wikimedia Commons)

The Medicine behind food – from starters to desserts

Discover why we eat soup first and cheese last—the humoral theory and Renaissance medicine shaped our modern meal structure.

What is the 'Doctrine of Signatures'?

What is the 'Doctrine of Signatures'?

Discover how Renaissance physicians believed plants revealed their healing powers through shape, color, and resemblance to body parts.

What is the ‘Wandering Womb’?

What is the ‘Wandering Womb’?

Discover the ancient Greek theory of the 'wandering womb'—an animal inside an animal, moving through the body in search of moisture.

The four humours and their corresponding elements and zodiacal signs. Woodcut in Quinta Essentia by Leonhart Thurneysser (1574). Credit: Wikimedia Commons.

Humoral Theory: How the Four Humours Shaped Medicine for 2,000 Years

Blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile — the four humours formed the foundation of Western medicine from ancient Greece to the 18th century.

What is Gender History?

What is Gender History?

From Virginia Woolf's lament to second-wave feminism—discover how gender history emerged to challenge incomplete narratives and rewrite the past.

What is Cultural History?

What is Cultural History?

Explore cultural history—not just the history of culture, but how people made meaning of their world through symbols, rituals, and everyday life.