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Medicine

33 articles

Illustration of the 1503 Ettiswil bier ordeal, where Hans Spiess was forced to touch his wife’s corpse as part of a cruentation trial. (Image credit: Wikimedia Commons)

Medieval True Crime: When a Corpse Solved Its Own Murder

In 1503 Switzerland, Hans Spiess was forced to touch his wife's corpse—if it bled, he was guilty. Discover the medieval bier ordeal trial.

The Censored Witches' Flying Potion (That Promised a "Lover")

The Censored Witches' Flying Potion (That Promised a "Lover")

Uncover Della Porta's infamous 16th-century witches' ointment recipe—hallucinogenic herbs, erotic visions, and Inquisition censorship.

The title page of the 1658 English translation of Magia Naturalis, which published the book's alarming recipes for faking virginity in full.

Fake Virginity: The Painful Renaissance ‘Cures’ They Sold Women

Discover dangerous Renaissance recipes for faking virginity—blistering pills, leeches, and lead paint sold to women facing ruin without wedding-night blood.

Communal bathing scene from a 16th-century German woodcut, illustrating the social aspect of Renaissance spa culture. (Image credit: Wellcome Collection)

How Water Cures Revolutionised Medicine in the 16th Century

Discover Renaissance spa culture—from fertility baths in Naples to Leonardo Fioravanti's water cures that challenged traditional medicine.

Hypocras: The Spiced Wine Medieval Doctors Prescribed as Medicine

Hypocras: The Spiced Wine Medieval Doctors Prescribed as Medicine

Hypocras was served at royal banquets and prescribed by physicians. The history of the spiced wine that blurred the line between medicine and pleasure.

Satirical cover of O Mosquito, celebrating the identification of the mosquito as the vector of yellow fever, mocking earlier theories and cures. (Image source: Hemeroteca Digital Brasileira)

How Latin America Shaped Germ Theory

Discover how Latin American scientists pioneered mosquito transmission theory and disease eradication—decades before European recognition.

Charlotte Perkins Gilman and The Yellow Wallpaper

The Yellow Wallpaper: The Medical History Behind Charlotte Perkins Gilman's Story

Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote The Yellow Wallpaper as a response to the rest cure. The real medical context behind one of literature's most unsettling stories.

A physician examining urine while consulting with a patient, illustrating the direct relationship between practitioner and patient in medieval medicine.

Urine Tests in the Renaissance: How Doctors Diagnosed Pregnancy and Fertility

Centuries before modern pregnancy tests, physicians examined urine colour, sediment, and even mixed it with wine. The strange science of Renaissance uroscopy.

The Medici-Tornabuoni Birth Tray.

Birth Trays in Renaissance Italy and Motherhood

After the Black Death devastated Italy, ornate birth trays celebrated motherhood and encouraged childbirth—discover their art, ritual, and symbolism.

Lucy in her vampire form from Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992), directed by Francis Ford Coppola, showing her dramatic transformation.

Dracula and the History of Blood Transfusions: Science, Sex, and Victorian Anxiety

Bram Stoker wrote Dracula as blood transfusion was becoming real medicine. How the novel reflects Victorian fears about science, sexuality, and women's bodies.

Another illustration of Santorio’s weighing machine, used in early digestion experiments.

17th Century "Intuitive Eating": Paracelsus and Digestion

Discover how Paracelsian medicine revolutionized 17th-century diet advice, empowering people to trust their bodies over doctors' rules.

The Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum (1480) (Wikimedia Commons)

What were the "Non-Naturals"?

Learn about the six non-naturals—air, food, sleep, exercise, evacuation, and emotions—that shaped preventive medicine for centuries.

Renaissance women engaging in alchemical practices, showcasing their involvement in scientific endeavors.

Alchemy in the Renaissance: The Mysterious Isabella Cortese

Uncover Isabella Cortese, the enigmatic 16th-century alchemist whose bestselling book challenged tradition and championed women's knowledge.

A historical eaglestone pendant.

Eaglestones: Historical Amulets for Childbirth

Discover eaglestones—ancient 'pregnant' geodes believed to protect women during childbirth, from Greek antiquity to 19th-century England.

Portrait of Caterina Sforza, attributed to Lorenzo di Credi.

Caterina Sforza's Experiments: Alchemy, Medicine, and Power in Renaissance Italy

Caterina Sforza left behind over 450 recipes for medicines, cosmetics, and poisons. What her alchemical notebook reveals about Renaissance women and power.

Portrait of a Girl (Anonymous, 1600-1620). Wikimedia Commons.

Green Sickness: A Historical Look at the 'Disease of Virgins'

Explore the mysterious disease of virgins that shaped medical control over young women from the 1550s to 1920s through marriage and motherhood.

Detail of Botticelli's Venus

Golden Locks: Hair Care in the Renaissance Era

Discover Renaissance hair care—from dove droppings for hair loss to sun-bleaching on Venetian rooftops for that coveted golden blonde.

Portrait of Paracelsus by Quinten Massys (National Trust)

Paracelsus: The Renaissance Physician Who Set Fire to Medical Tradition

He publicly burned Galen, dosed patients with mercury, and got exiled from Basel. The life and legacy of early modern medicine's most controversial figure.

Fioravanti: Pioneering Surgeon-Alchemist of the Renaissance

Fioravanti: Pioneering Surgeon-Alchemist of the Renaissance

Leonardo Fioravanti was called a Charlatan, a Poisoner, a Reformer, a Prophet, a Miracle-Worker, a Saviour, an Alchemist, and a Fraud.

Still Life with Fruit, Nuts and Cheese (1613) by Floris van Dyck (Wikimedia Commons)

The Medicine behind food – from starters to desserts

Discover why we eat soup first and cheese last—the humoral theory and Renaissance medicine shaped our modern meal structure.

Detail of nave mosaic depicting the Three Magi (Balthasar, Melchior, and Gaspar), c. 500 AD, Basilica of Sant' Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna. (Public domain)

Frankincense and Myrrh: From Ancient Medicine to the Nativity Story

Frankincense treated wounds and plague. Myrrh eased childbirth pain. Long before the Magi, these resins were among the ancient world's most valued medicines.

Little Red Riding Hood, by Fleury François Richard (c. 1820). (Public Domain)

Little Red Riding Hood and the Invisibility of Older Women

In early versions, Little Red Riding Hood ate her grandmother's flesh and escaped the wolf—explore menopause, aging, and female wisdom.

A Clinical Lesson at the Salpêtrière (1887), by André Brouillet. (Wikimedia Commons)

The 'Queen of Hysterics' and 19th-Century Theatrical Hysteria

Meet Blanche Wittmann, the 'queen of hysterics' at Charcot's Salpêtrière Hospital, where medical demonstrations became theatrical spectacles.

What is the 'Doctrine of Signatures'?

What is the 'Doctrine of Signatures'?

Discover how Renaissance physicians believed plants revealed their healing powers through shape, color, and resemblance to body parts.

The Chamberlen forceps in K. Das' Obstetric Forceps (1929). (Wikimedia Commons)

A Grip on the History of Forceps in Medicine

Discover how the Chamberlen family's secret obstetrical forceps revolutionized childbirth and transformed midwifery into modern obstetrics.

What is the ‘Wandering Womb’?

What is the ‘Wandering Womb’?

Discover the ancient Greek theory of the 'wandering womb'—an animal inside an animal, moving through the body in search of moisture.

Louis XIV and his wet nurse by Charles Beaubrun, Palace of Versailles (late 17th century). (Public Domain)

Wet Nurses in Early Modern Europe: The History of Breastfeeding and Motherhood

Most wealthy mothers didn't breastfeed their own children. The history of wet nursing, and why it sparked fierce moral debate for centuries.

A Girl Peeling an Apple, by Gabriel Metsu, painted between 1650 and 1657. Credit: Wikimedia Commons.

Why Did People Try to Induce Menstruation in the Past?

Discover 16th-century recipes to 'restore' menstruation—from roasted apples with nutmeg to herbal remedies that blurred the line with abortion.

The Surprising History of Abandoned Children

The Surprising History of Abandoned Children

From Hansel and Gretel to foundling hospitals—explore the complex history of child abandonment and why 'unnatural mothers' weren't always villains.

Portrait of a Woman in Red 1620 by Marcus Gheeraerts II (1620). Credit: Tate

Giving Birth in 17th-century England: A Tentative List

From groaning cakes to birthing stools—discover how 17th-century English families prepared for childbirth before hospitals and modern medicine.

The Faint, by Pietro Longhi (1744). Source: Wikimedia Commons.

Green Sickness and Virginity

Discover green sickness, the mysterious ailment that affected young women from the 1550s to 1920s—diagnosed by paleness, fainting, and virginity.

The four humours and their corresponding elements and zodiacal signs. Woodcut in Quinta Essentia by Leonhart Thurneysser (1574). Credit: Wikimedia Commons.

Humoral Theory: How the Four Humours Shaped Medicine for 2,000 Years

Blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile — the four humours formed the foundation of Western medicine from ancient Greece to the 18th century.

What are Secrets of Women?

What are Secrets of Women?

Discover 'secrets of women'—early modern medical recipes for conception, menstruation, and childbirth, hidden in the mysterious feminine body.